Matter is any substance that occupies space and has mass. These questions address the following standards:Īt its most fundamental level, life is made up of matter. The Science Practices Assessment Ancillary contains additional test questions for this section that will help you prepare for the AP exam. Growth, reproduction, and maintenance of living systems require free energy and matter.Ģ.A.1 All living systems require constant input of free energy.Ĥ.1 The student can justify the selection of the kind of data needed to answer a particular scientific question.Ħ.2 The student can construct explanations of phenomena based on evidence produced through scientific practices.Ħ.4 The student can make claims and predictions about natural phenomena based on scientific theories and models.Ģ.8 The student is able to justify the selection of data regarding the types of molecules that an animal, plant, or bacterium will take up as necessary building blocks and excrete as waste products. Big Idea 2īiological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. A Learning Objective merges required content with one or more of the seven Science Practices. The Learning Objectives listed in the Curriculum Framework provide a transparent foundation for the AP ® Biology course, an inquiry-based laboratory experience, instructional activities, and AP ® Exam questions. The information presented and examples highlighted in this section support concepts and Learning Objectives outlined in Big Idea 2 of the AP ® Biology Curriculum Framework. Isotopes are different forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons while retaining the same number of protons many isotopes, such as carbon-14, are radioactive. Electrons can be transferred, shared, or cause charge disparities between atoms to create bonds, including ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds, as well as van del Waals interactions. Atoms, which consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons, are the smallest units of matter that retain all their characteristics and are most stable when their outermost or valence electron shells contain the maximum number of electrons. The 92 naturally occurring elements have unique properties, and various combinations of them create molecules, which combine to form organelles, cells, tissues, organ system, and organisms. Matter is anything that occupies space and mass. Living systems obey the laws of chemistry and physics.
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